Best Ovarian Cyst Removal Doctor in Kolkata

What is an ovarian cyst?

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled or tissue-containing sac that develops on or within an ovary. These cysts are quite common and can appear during the reproductive years or after menopause. In most cases, ovarian cysts are non-cancerous (benign) and resolve on their own without medical intervention. However, in rare instances, a cyst may be cancerous (malignant). Additionally, some benign ovarian tumors may resemble cysts on imaging tests.

What are the different types of cysts?

Types of ovarian cysts include:

1. Functional cyst – The most common type, typically asymptomatic. These cysts usually resolve on their own within 6 to 8 weeks without treatment.
2. Teratoma – A benign tumor or cyst containing various body tissues, such as skin and hair. Teratomas can be present from birth and may grow during the reproductive years. In rare cases, some may become cancerous.
3. Cystadenoma – A benign tumor that develops on the ovary’s outer surface. While usually non-cancerous, these tumors can grow quite large.
4. Endometrioma – A cyst that forms due to endometriosis.

What are the symptoms of ovarian cysts?

In most cases, ovarian cysts do not cause symptoms and are often discovered during a routine pelvic exam or imaging test performed for another reason. However, some cysts can lead to a dull or sharp abdominal ache and discomfort during certain activities. Larger cysts may cause the ovary to twist, resulting in intermittent or sudden pain on one side. Additionally, cysts that rupture or bleed can cause sudden and intense pain.

How are ovarian cysts diagnosed?

If your obstetrician–gynecologist (ob-gyn) suspects you have an ovarian cyst, they may recommend the following tests to gather more information:

• Ultrasound exam – This imaging test uses sound waves to create detailed pictures of internal organs. A device called a transducer is placed either on the abdomen or inside the vagina to capture images. The ultrasound helps determine the cyst’s shape, size, location, and whether it is solid or fluid-filled.
• Blood tests – A blood test may be done to measure CA 125, a substance that can be elevated in certain conditions, including ovarian cancer. An increased CA 125 level, along with specific ultrasound and physical exam findings, may indicate a higher risk of ovarian cancer, particularly after menopause. Additional blood tests may also be used to assess whether an ovarian mass is concerning.

How are ovarian cysts treated?

There are various treatment options for ovarian cysts, depending on their type and other factors. These options include monitoring the cyst over time (watchful waiting) and, if the cyst is large or causing symptoms, surgical removal.

When is surgery recommended?

Surgery may be advised if the cyst is very large, causing symptoms, or if there is a suspicion of cancer. The type of procedure depends on various factors, such as the cyst’s size, your age, future fertility plans, and any family history of ovarian or breast cancer. A cystectomy involves removing only the cyst while preserving the ovary, whereas an oophorectomy involves the removal of the entire ovary if necessary.

How is the surgery performed?

If the cyst is believed to be benign, minimally invasive surgery is usually recommended. This procedure, called laparoscopy, involves making small incisions and using a thin instrument called a laparoscope to remove the cyst. In some cases, open surgery may be necessary, especially if cancer is suspected or if the cyst is too large for laparoscopic removal. Open surgery requires a horizontal or vertical incision in the lower abdomen. When cancer is a concern, removing the cyst intact is crucial, and open surgery may be the best option to achieve this.